Kwadrantydy (QUA) mogą być najobfitszym rojem meteorów w ciągu roku, ale są trudne do zaobserwowania. Głównym czynnikiem jest to, że maksimum wysokiej aktywności trwa tylko kilka godzin godzin. Powód, dla którego maksimum jest tak krótkie, wynika z wąskiego strumienia cząstek odpowiedzialnych za powstanie meteorów i faktu, że Ziemia przecina strumień pod kątem prostopadłym. W przeciwieństwie do większości rojów meteorów, które pochodzą z komet, Kwadrantydy pochodzą z asteroidy nazwanej asteroidy 2003 EH1. Możliwe, że 2003 EH jest martwą kometą.
Jeff Berkes wykonał to zdjęcie Kwadrantyda w 2011 roku w USA, źródło: Jeff Berkes/ spaceweather.com
Zaobserwowanie wysokiego maksimum Kwadrantydów jest naprawdę niełatwe, ze względu na wąski strumień szczyt aktywności może wystąpić w ciągu dnia lub gdy radiant jest nisko nad horyzontem. Pogoda na początku stycznia jest również ważnym czynnikiem, ponieważ zachmurzenie jest zwykle powszechne o tej porze roku. Nawet jak już będą nam sprzyjały wszystkie wyżej wymienione okoliczności, to w obserwacjach może nam przeszkadzać Księżyc w pełni lub przenikliwe zimno.
W 2008 roku naukowcy z NASA zorganizowali wyprawę samolotem za koło podbiegunowe, aby uzyskać dobry widok na maksimum roju. Jeremie Vaubaillon z Caltech zarejestrował te Kwadrantydy przelatujące przez zorze polarne za oknem samolotu. Źródlo/NASA
Przez wiele lat obserwacji udało mi się tylko raz zaobserwować wysokie maksimum Kwadrantydów. Pomimo silnego wiatru i przenikliwego zimna, tamtej nocy nigdy nie zapomnę, jako że przez dwie godziny w każdej minucie pojawiało się nawet kilka Kwadrantydów. W 2019 roku warunki do obserwacji są najlepsze z możliwych. Maksimum nastąpi w nocy 3/4 stycznia, ze szczytem aktywności od północy do świtu. W obserwacjach nie będzie przeszkadzał Księżyc. Jedyną niewiadomą jest pogoda. Poza maksimum, aktywność tego roju jest niewielka i wynosi zaledwie kilka zjawisk na godzinę, podczas gdy w czasie szczytu możemy zaobserwować nawet 140 Kwadrantydów w ciągu godziny.
Radiant Kwadrantydów, nazwanych tak od nieistniejącej konstelacja Quadrans Muralis, znajduje się pomiędzy dyszlem Wielkiego Wozu i naprzeciwko jasnej, pomarańczowo-czerwonej gwiazdy Arktur. Mapa pokazuje niebo około czwartej nad ranem, 4 stycznia. . Mapa: Bob King, źródło: Stellarium
Nieistniejąca już konstelacja Quadrans Muralis reprezentuje kwadrant ściany, instrument używany do mierzenia pozycji gwiazd. Został stworzony przez francuskiego astronoma Jerome Lalande w 1795 roku. Źródło: Johann Bode Atlas
Nazwa roju pochodzi od nieistniejącego już gwiazdozbioru Kwadrantu Ściennego – łac. Quadrans Muralis (obecnie część Wolarza). Jego radiant jest położony na pograniczu Wolarza, Herkulesa i Smoka. Prędkość meteorów wynosi około 41 km/s . To jest ostatnia szansa na obserwowanie obfitego roju meteorów w optymalnych warunkach do początku maja. Jeśli twoje niebo jest czyste, nie przegap tej okazji by ciekawie rozpocząć rok 2019! Nie zapomnij tylko o ciepłym ubiorze, oraz o tym, że obserwacje należy prowadzić z dala od miejskich świateł.
Babak Tafreshi wykonał to zdjęcie nad starożytnymi ruinami niedaleko Damghan w Iranie. Ślad po przelocie tego Kwadrantyda był widoczny przez 20 min. Źródło: Babak Tafreshi/spaceweather.com
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